Explore the Breed
Breed Overview
Loyal, intelligent, confident, courageous, protective, and hardworking
22-40 kg (49-88 lbs)
Black, black/tan, black/red, sable, gray, liver, silver, blue, and white
Short to long
Saddle, blanket back, bi-color, solid, and sable
Brown, hazel, amber, golden, and blue (rare)
9-13 years
No
History of the German Shepherd
The German Shepherd breed was officially developed in Germany in 1899 by Captain Max von Stephanitz. His goal was to create a strong, hardworking dog with unwavering loyalty and stamina.
He purchased a herding dog named Hektor Linksrhein, which was later renamed Horand von Grafrath, the first registered German Shepherd and the foundation for the breed.
That same year, von Stephanitz founded the world's first German Shepherd Dog club. Over time, these dogs became popular for search-and-rescue work, protecting, guiding, and companionship. GSDs were also used for guarding and herding sheep.
During World War I, the breed's name was changed to Shepherd Dog in America and Alsatian in England. German Shepherds became widely used in both WWI and WWII as military and police dogs, messenger dogs, guard dogs, and scouts.
German Shepherds were popularized by Rin Tin Tin and Strongheart, two war veterans showcased in films.
Today, these dogs are one of the most recognized dog breeds in the world. They are still valued for their work ethic, loyalty, and versatility.
Physical Characteristics of German Shepherd
Head
German Shepherds have well-proportioned heads with slightly domed foreheads. They have long, straight muzzles with black noses, firm lips, and strong jaws that are well-developed.
Eyes
These dogs have medium-sized and almond-shaped eyes. Eye colors come in brown, hazel, amber, golden, and blue (rare). Because of this, GSDs are renowned for their deep and intelligent expression.
Ears
German Shepherds have large, upright ears that are triangular and moderately pointed. They are set high on the head and angled open toward the front.
Body
GSDs have a muscular build and a body that’s built for endurance and swift movement. They have a deep chest, a strong neck, and a level topline that slopes a bit toward the tail.
Limbs
Their limbs are powerfully built and highly muscular. The forelimbs are straight, while the hind legs feature angulation at the stifles and hocks.
Tail
The tail is long, bushy, and heavily boned. It extends to the middle of the ankle joint and has a gentle curve.
Coat
German Shepherds have a weather-resistant, double coat that sheds heavily. The most common type is medium-length and is straight, harsh, and lies flat. The long-haired variety features wavy hair and is apparent on the ears, legs, and tail. Coat colors include black, black/tan, black/red, sable, gray, liver, silver, blue, and white, with patterns of saddle, blanket back, bi-color, solid, and sable.
Size
Male GSDs stand around 60-65 cm (24-26 inches), while females are 55-60 cm (22-24 inches) tall at the shoulder.
Weight
Male German Shepherds weigh 30-40 kg (65-90 lbs), and females weigh around 22-32 kg (50-70 lbs).
Just welcomed a German Shepherd
What to Expect With a German Shepherd
Health Concerns of German Shepherd
How to Groom a German Shepherd
Coat Maintenance
German Shepherds have a thick, double coat that requires brushing 3-4 times a week. Use an undercoat rake for dense areas. Next, use a slicker brush and follow the direction of hair growth. This will remove dirt and loose hairs, smoothing out the coat. Next, follow it up with a metal comb to remove tangles.
Skin Health
These dogs are prone to dry skin, which makes them more susceptible to allergies, leading to hot spots and persistent itchiness. Always check their skin condition, especially after outdoor activity. Brushing also allows you to check for redness, bald patches, swelling, fleas, and other concerns.
Bathing Routine
German Shepherds only need a full bath every 3-4 months or if they get too dirty. Be careful not to overbathe them, as this can strip the natural oils that protect their skin. Use gentle, pet-safe shampoos and make sure to dry them out thoroughly, especially around the ears.
Nail Trimming
GSDs need nail trimming every 3-4 weeks, or if you notice a clicking sound when they walk on solid floors. Regular nail trims are important to prevent overgrowth. Don't forget the dewclaw, the smaller nail located higher up on the inside of the front paws. Approach the process slowly and avoid the quick.
Ear Cleaning
Healthy German Shepherd dogs can benefit from ear cleaning once a month. Because they have upright ears, they have great airflow and don't trap too much debris. If your GSD swims or spends time in dusty outdoor environments, clean their ears every 2 weeks.
Eye Care
It's advisable to check on their eyes daily, especially if they have an active, outdoor lifestyle. Look for crusting and discharge. Use a clean, soft cloth dampened with warm water. Apply this to the corner of the eye to soften the crust and wipe outward.
Dental Hygiene
Daily dental brushing is ideal for all dogs, but every 2-3 weeks is sufficient. Use a pet-safe toothpaste and toothbrush to prevent plaque and tartar buildup. Additionally, schedule annual dental exams and cleanings.
Diet and Nutrition for German Shepherd
German Shepherds require a high-quality diet rich in protein and healthy fats. This will help support their active lifestyles and overall health. Because they can be sensitive to fillers, avoid wheat, soy, and corn in their dog food. Dry kibble for large breeds that list whole meats as the first ingredient is the most popular option. Raw diets are also an option, but they should be properly served to avoid the risks.
Adults can benefit from 3.5-5.5 cups of dry kibble daily, split into two meals. German Shepherd puppies need around 3-5.5 cups daily, split into 3-4 meals. However, specific portions will depend on your dog's needs, lifestyle, and health condition. Ask our vets for the full guide after the checkup.
FAQs About German Shepherd
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