Eye infections in dogs can happen quickly and catch pet owners off guard. A dog’s eyes are delicate, easily irritated by the smallest of problems. What starts as a little bit of redness and scratching can progress to something more serious if not given attention.
This guide breaks down everything you need to know about dog eye infections. The sooner you know, the faster you can help your dog recover.
What Are the Symptoms of Eye Infections in Dogs?
Common signs manifest as signs of irritation and discomfort. These include:
Redness and Swelling. The presence of redness and swelling is among the most obvious signs. These may appear around the eyelids or in the tissues surrounding the eye.
Eye Discharge. In some cases, discharge can come from the eye. The texture and color will depend on the causative agent. Viral eye infections have a clear and watery texture, while bacterial agents cause a thick, yellow/green discharge.
Excessive Squinting and Blinking. Eye infections in dogs can make them excessively blink and squint due to the irritation and discomfort they feel.
Pawing and Rubbing at the Eyes. Some dogs may try to relieve the irritation they feel by pawing or rubbing at their eyes. Excessive scratching may make the condition worse.
Changes in Eye Appearance. Eye infections, along with constant rubbing, can cause a cloudy appearance in the dog’s eye. This usually indicates a much deeper issue, like corneal damage.
Behavioral Changes. Dogs with eye infections are noticeably unhappy and uncomfortable. They may lose interest in activities, flinch when touched on the face, and keep their heads low to avoid bright light.
What Causes Dog Eye Infections?
An infection of the dog's eye is caused by several factors, including:
Bacteria
Bacteria are a common cause of eye infections in dogs, entering through scratches, dirt, or irritants. These bacteria can easily multiply on the surface of the eye or the eyelid, resulting in inflammation, swelling, and other symptoms. One common condition is conjunctivitis.
Common types include Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.
Viruses
Viruses infect a dog’s eye by invading the cells of the eye tissues and damaging them. They can easily spread to other parts of the dog’s body, especially the respiratory system. Viruses may also compromise the immune system, making secondary infections highly likely.
Common types of viruses that cause dog eye infections are canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1, and canine adenovirus type 1.
Fungi
While rare, fungal infections can also be a cause of dog eye infections. This happens when the fungal spores enter the eye, which may come from dirt and plant material from moist environments. Once inside, the fungi can grow and irritate the eye’s tissues.
Common fungal agents that cause eye infections in dogs include Malassezia, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus. These can affect deeper eye tissues, causing more problems in the long run.
Foreign Material and Trauma
Dirt, grass seeds, and other small objects can get in the eye, causing pain and inflammation. Dogs who love to go outside and play are at a major risk of eye infections because of the potential dangers. Even something as small as minor scratches can potentially pave the way for an infection.
Allergies
Allergic reactions to pollen, dust mites, mold, or food can lead to inflammation, itchiness, and excessive eye rubbing. As a result, the eye experiences constant irritation, making it vulnerable to infection, especially the bacterial kind.
Dry Eye
A dry eye can also be a trigger for dog eye infections, as the reduced tear production leaves the eyes vulnerable. This means that dirt, debris, and allergens can easily irritate the eyes and create an opportunity for bacterial growth.
The condition is common in breeds like Shih Tzus, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, and Yorkshire Terriers.
Facial Structures
Certain dog breeds are more likely to develop eye infections because of their facial anatomy. Dogs with bulging eyes and brachycephalic facial structures are more prone to eye infections because they have trouble with tear drainage, and their eyes are exposed to more airborne particles.
Dogs with these structures are also prone to dry eyes, which then increases the risk of eye infections. This includes breeds like Pugs, Shih Tzus, Boxers, and English Bulldogs.
Other Eye Conditions
Similarly, dogs with entropion, ectropion, and cherry eye are also susceptible to eye infections. Basically, anything that damages the dog’s eyes and makes them prone to eye infections is a risk factor.
Breeds commonly affected by eye issues include Great Danes, Cocker Spaniels, Saint Bernards, and Chow Chows. Long-haired dogs are also susceptible because their long fur traps moisture, debris, and bacteria, while easily touching their eyes.
Are Dog Eye Infections an Emergency?
Not every eye infection in dogs is an emergency, but it should always be treated as one. Mild redness and discharge can be concerning. Plus, excessive scratching and pawing at the eyes can worsen the issue, potentially leading to corneal ulcers.
Infections are also unpredictable, meaning that they can worsen at any time. Dealing with the problem right away solves any future complications.
How Are Eye Infections in Dogs Diagnosed?
If your dog shows any signs of an eye issue, it’s important to visit the clinic immediately. Here, our pet ophthalmologists will take a look and do a few tests.
Veterinary Eye Exam
We usually start with an eye exam and look for any physical signs. Our vets will focus on the common symptoms, such as any form of discharge, injuries, or inflammation. The hands-on exam rules out the basic causes and helps us decide what to do next.
Eye Stain Test
This is one of the most common tools used to diagnose eye issues in dogs. Our vets use a special orange dye for this method. The dye is harmless and highlights any scratches or ulcers on the cornea when placed under a special blue light.
Culture and Sensitivity Test
A culture and sensitivity test uses a cultured sample of the pathogen, helping identify the exact microorganism involved. This test also allows us to determine which antibiotic, medicine, or treatment works best with your dog’s situation.
Cytology
In some cases, our vets use cytology to examine the type of cells present, the presence of microorganisms, and abnormal cell changes. It involves collecting a small sample of discharge or surface cells from the dog’s eyes and examining them under a microscope.
How Do Vets Treat Dog Eye Infections?
The main treatment options will revolve around medications and supportive care.
Eye Cleaning
Our vets will gently clean your dog’s eyes, providing relief and washing away any debris. This will be essential for administering medication. A vet-approved saline solution is typically used for this.
Medical Management
Antibiotics. Since bacteria are a common cause, these are often treated with antibiotic eye drops and ointments.
Antivirals and Antifungals. These help slow down their growth, helping the immune system recover.
Anti-inflammatory Medications. These medicines help reduce swelling and inflammation, relieving the pain and alleviating the symptoms.
Artificial Tears. These are essential for keeping the eyes moist and preventing further irritation. They also help wash away debris and soothe the eyes.
Recovery
In all kinds of eye infection treatments, dogs will need consistent home care. Regular eye cleaning and medications will ensure a full recovery. For dogs who scratch their eyes a lot, an Elizabethan collar will help prevent this behavior.
How to Prevent Dog Eye Infections?
The best way to handle a dog eye infection is to prevent it in the first place. Focus on cleaning the eyes, trimming the fur around the eyes, sanitizing the home, and scheduling checkups.
Clean the Eyes
Always check on your dog's eyes, especially after they've been outside. Check for debris, dirt, or discharge. If you see anything, use a clean, damp cloth and gently wipe outward from the eyes.
Trim the Fur Around the Eyes
Keep your dog's fur short and well-maintained. Long fur can trap moisture, debris, and bacteria. Plus, it can easily poke the eyes and irritate them.
Sanitize the Home
Make sure to clean the home regularly, especially in areas your dog frequents. Sanitize bedding, pillows, and blankets to limit exposure to dust and debris.
Schedule Routine Checkups
Having your dog's eyes checked regularly by our experts. We can look for any issues before they develop into more complicated problems. Schedule a wellness check today.
“Clear eyes are a window to your dog’s comfort, health, and happiness.”
- Dr. Soheyl Simaei
Final Thoughts
Eye infections in dogs are common, but they don’t have to be complicated. Luckily, almost all cases can clear up quickly with the right care and treatment. Knowing what the symptoms look like and what they mean helps you know what to do if your dog gets an eye infection.
With your help, your dog will live a happy life with healthy eyes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a dog's eye infection heal on its own?
No, a dog’s eye infection should be treated with veterinary care. Even if the situation is mild, there’s a big chance for things to get worse. When this happens, even a simple eye infection can progress to severe symptoms.
Can I use human eye drops for my dog?
No, you should never use human eye drops for your dog’s eye infection. Many medications meant for humans have ingredients that can be bad for dogs. Only vet-approved eye drops should be used for eye infections in dogs.
Can this spread to humans?
Yes, some of the bacteria, viruses, and fungi can spread to humans through direct contact. This can happen when you touch your dog’s eyes or the discharge. However, the risk of spreading is relatively low.
When should I bring my dog to the vet?
If you notice your dog having too much pain, or if their eyes become too swollen or red, then it’s time for a vet visit. Sudden vision problems or persistent symptoms should be given immediate care.
How long does it take for a dog eye infection to heal?
Eye infections in dogs usually take about 7 to 14 days to completely heal with veterinary treatment. This may take longer when dealing with severe cases.
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